Enhanced: Deep Earthquakes in Real Slabs
by Seth A. Stein and David C. Rubie--pages 909-910.

General Hypernotes

A glossary of geologic terms is made available by the Department of Geological and Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University. An earthquake glossary is offered by the Earthquake Studies Office Project at the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology.

Visualizing Earth, an educational project funded by the National Science Foundation, provides illustrated introductions to geological processes.

The Earth science section of explorezone.com offers an introduction to earthquakes with links to news and other earthquake Internet resources

Surfing the Internet for Earthquake Data is a collection of Internet links maintained by S. Malone, Geophysics Program, University of Washington.

This Dynamic Earth: The Story of Plate Tectonics and Earthquakes are publications made available online by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). The USGS National Earthquake Information Center collects and disseminates earthquake information; it offers a glossary and a page of general earthquake information. SeismoLinks is a topical collection of links to seismology Web resources provided by the USGS Pasadena, CA, office.

P. Gore, Department of Geology, Georgia Perimeter College, Clarkston, presents an Earthquake Information Page of links to earthquake resources on the Web.

J. Louie, Seismological Laboratory, University of Nevada, provides an About Earthquakes page with links to his lecture notes and other Web resources.

J. Butler, Department of Geosciences, University of Houston, presents lecture notes on earthquakes for a physical geology course. He also maintains Geophysics on the Internet, which offers annotated lists of geophysics resources on the Web.

J. Revenaugh, Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, provides lecture notes on plate tectonics, earthquakes, and Earth's interior for a course on geologic principles.

T. Lay, Department of Earth Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, includes presentations on plate tectonics and earthquakes in the lecture notes for a course on Earth catastrophes. The university issued a news release about Lay's research on deep earthquakes.

J. Smyth, Department of Geological Sciences, University of Colorado, provides introductions to earthquakes and Earth's interior in lecture notes for a physical geology course. A glossary is provided.

C. Ammon, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, St. Louis University, offers lecture notes for a course on earthquakes.

R. Phinney, Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, provides lecture notes on earthquakes for a course on earthquakes, volcanoes, and other hazards.

S. Nelson, Department of Geology, Tulane University, offers lecture notes on earthquakes and Earth's interior for a physical geology course.

The U.S. National Report to IUGG, 1991-1994, published in 1995 by the American Geophysical Union, included chapters on the dynamics of the solid Earth, such as the contribution by S. Kirby titled "Intraslab earthquakes and phase changes in subducting lithosphere."

The International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior provides an overview of its research interests.

The American Geophysical Union makes available an article from Eos by J. Wakefield titled "Scientists get a closer look at mechanism of deep Bolivian quake."

The March-April 1995 issue of American Scientist had an article by M. Wysession titled "The inner workings of the Earth."

The Geodynamics Program at the Pacific Geoscience Centre of the Geological Survey of Canada makes available a review article by R. Hyndman et al. titled "Seismology: Giant megathrust earthquakes" about deep earthquakes in the Cascadia subduction zone region.

The 6 February 1998 issue of Science had an Enhanced Perspective by D. Wiens titled "Sliding skis and slipping faults" about different models of faulting for deep earthquakes.

Numbered Hypernotes

1. L. Moresi of the CSIRO Geoscience and Geoengineering Research Group, Australia, provides information on the structure and layering of Earth in his Past and Future of the Planet Earth Web site. A presentation by R. Hamilton on Earth's interior and plate tectonics is part of C. Hamilton's Views of the Solar System. J. Louie offers lecture notes on the composition of Earth and lithospheric deformation. The U.S. National Report to IUGG, 1991-1994 had a chapter by T. Duffy and R. Hemley titled "Some like it hot: The temperature structure of the Earth" and a chapter titled "Rock deformation: Ductile and brittle" by S. Karato and T. Wong. The National Earthquake Information Center offers an introduction to determining the depth of earthquakes. S. Kirby reviewed intermediate and deep faulting processes in his contribution to the U.S. National Report to IUGG, 1991-1994.

2. The Alfred Wegener Conference on the Processes and Consequences of Deep Subduction was an interdisciplinary workshop held from 5 to 11 September 1999 in Verbania, Italy. W. Leeman, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Rice University, offers a presentation on subduction zone studies, as well as lecture notes on global seismicity and earthquakes for a geology course on geologic hazards. T. Dunn, Department of Geology, University of New Brunswick, provides lecture notes on subduction and convergent margins for a geology course. Windows to the Universe offers a presentation on subduction.

3. R. Phinney provides lecture notes on seismic waves and their use as a tool for studying Earth's interior. V. Cormier, Geology and Geophysics Department, University of Connecticut, provides lecture notes on Earth structure from seismology for a course on Earth structure. For a course on reflection seismology taught by J. Lorenzo, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Louisiana State University, J. Curry and E. Ferry prepared a presentation on seismic tomography. S. Kirby included a section on seismological observations of slabs in his contribution to the U.S. National Report to IUGG, 1991-1994.

4. A presentation on high-pressure minerals by L. Finger is made available by the Geophysical Laboratory of the Carnegie Institution of Washington. The U.S. National Report to IUGG, 1991-1994 included a chapter by S. Kirby titled "Intraslab earthquakes and phase changes in subducting lithosphere," and a chapter by L. Stixrude titled "Mineral physics of the mantle"; in a chapter section on plastic deformation in the deep interior of Earth, S. Karoto and T. Wong discussed instability associated with phase transformations.

5. Mineral Web, presented by the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Manchester, UK, provides information on olivine. D. Barthelmy's Mineralogy Database has entries for olivine, wadsleyite, and ringwoodite, as well as links to other Web resources about the minerals. D. Sherman, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, UK, provides lecture notes on olivine and related structures for a mineralogy course. J. Banfield, Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Wisconsin, provides lecture notes on olivine for a course on gems and minerals. J. Smyth includes an entry for olivines in his Mineral Structures Data Base, as well as information on wadsleyite on his Web page. The 1998 Annual Report of the Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, Germany, describes ongoing research to determine of the relative strengths of olivine polymorphs in the section about projects on phase transformations, deformation, and properties of mantle minerals. The Mineral Physics Laboratory, Department of Geological Sciences, Cornell University, provides a presentation about their research on the kinetics of olivine phase transition at high pressure.

6. The U.S. National Report to IUGG, 1991-1994 included a contribution by P. Shearer titled "Seismic studies of the upper mantle and transition zone" with a section on the 410- and 660-km discontinuities. The Harvard Seismology group offers presentations on the topography of the 410 and 660 discontinuities.

7. S. Stein offers a brief illustrated introduction to his research interest in the transformational faulting model.

8. In his Mineral Structures Data Base, J. Smyth discusses the perovskite group. The 11 June 1999 issue of Science had an Enhanced Perspective by A. Navrotsky titled "A Lesson from Ceramics" that discussed perovskite structures.

9. D. Wiens, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, makes available articles and abstracts describing his research on deep earthquakes where aftershocks occur outside the presumed metastable wedge.

10. Creep is defined in the glossary offered by the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology. R. Phinney discuses creep in lecture notes on earthquake physics.

11. The 30 August 1997 issue of New Scientist had an article by L. Bergeron titled "Deep waters" about water in the mantle and its possible connection to deep seismicity.

12. The Web site for the text book Earth Structures: An Introduction to Structural Geology and Tectonics by B. van der Pluijm and S. Marshak offers a brief introduction to rheology.

13. S. A. Stein is in the Department of Geological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.

14. D. C. Rubie is at the Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Universität Bayreuth, Germany.